Gunga Galunga: Accounting for Nonrefundable Initiation Fees (ASC 606)

So, I jump ship in Hong Kong (really my car in Midlothian) and I make my way over to Tibet (really Richmond), and I’m eating lunch at a dive bar in the Himalayas (really a restaurant in Short Pump). And who sits down to eat with me? The Dalai Lama himself. Twelfth son of the Lama. The flowing robes, the grace, bald…striking. So, we order our lunch – big eater, the Lama – and, as he’s wolfing down his yak tacos, he asks me about the accounting for upfront, nonrefundable initiation fees under U.S. GAAP. Specifically, he wanted to know if adopting ASC 606 Revenue from Contracts with Customers would impact the accounting policies of his local golf club.

He tells me that he is responsible for preparing the financial statements of his golf club, Lama Links, and he’s heard some rumblings that adopting ASC 606 will change the way he accounts for upfront, nonrefundable initiation fees received from its members. “Aren’t you already deferring them?” I ask. “No, we recognize them immediately. Have been doing so for years!” the Lama insists, as he slides the most recent annual report, audited by a reputable regional accounting firm, across the table.

Example 1: Accounting policy for nonrefundable initiation fees

His perfectly manicured index finger points to the following accounting policy in the notes to the financial statements (actual policy taken from the 2012 Annual Report of the Country Club of Virginia, Incorporated):

Initiation Fees:

Member initiation fees are recognized and due upon acceptance by the Club as a member. Certain eligible members may elect to pay their initiation fees on an installment basis. Notes representing their installment payments are presented in the financial statements net of imputed interest.

He states that such guidance was taken from a non-authoritative accounting “guide” called the Uniform System of Financial Reporting for Clubs, published by two industry groups, the Club Managers Association of America and the Hospitality Financial and Technology Professionals. Here is the relevant excerpt:

Initiation fees are treated as operating revenue if used for normal operations. If initiation fees are designated for capital improvements or for any other purpose, they should be included under the membership activities section on the Statement of Activities. In all cases, initiation fees must be included in this statement when they are earned.

The Lama believes this guidance is vague and subject to interpretation. “Most clubs, including ours, believe initiation fees are ‘earned’ upon the acceptance of the member, because they are nonrefundable.”

Example 2: Accounting policy for nonrefundable initiation fees

“Strange,” I said. “That’s certainly not the current revenue guidance prescribed by the SEC within Topic 13: Revenue Recognition of their Codification of Staff Accounting Bulletins.” I pulled up the 2016 Annual Report for ClubCorp Holdings, Inc. audited by a Big 4 firm on my iPad and showed it to the Lama. Below is an excerpt from their revenue recognition accounting policy:

Revenue Recognition:

At a majority of our private clubs, members are expected to pay an initiation fee or deposit upon their acceptance as a member to the club. In general, initiation fees are not refundable, whereas initiation deposits are not refundable until a fixed number of years (generally 30) after the date of acceptance of a member. We recognize revenue related to membership initiation fees and deposits over the expected life of an active membership…

…The majority of membership initiation fees received are not refundable and are deferred and recognized within club operations revenue on the consolidated statements of operations over the expected life of an active membership.

The expected lives of active members are calculated annually using historical attrition rates…our estimated expected lives ranged from one to 20 years; the weighted-average expected life of a golf and country club membership was approximately seven years and the expected life of a business, sports and alumni club membership was approximately three years…

SEC thoughts on nonrefundable initiation fees

I tell him that the SEC thinks “unless the up-front fee is in exchange for products delivered or services performed that represent the culmination of a separate earnings process, the deferral of revenue is appropriate.”

Do you know what the Lama says? “Gunga galunga…gunga, gunga-lagunga.” I think that is Tibetan for “Who cares!” He was mad that I was quoting public company guidance (Lama Links is a private company) related to the old standard (he wanted information on adopting ASC 606). Fair point!

Accounting for upfront, nonrefundable initiation fees under ASC 606

With respect to contracts with nonrefundable upfront fees, ASC 606-10-55-51 states that “an entity should assess whether the fee relates to the transfer of a promised good or service.” It goes on to say that, even though such fees relate to activities at or near contract inception, such activities, in many cases, “do not result in the transfer of a promised good or service to the customer” as described in ASC 606-10-25-17.

Paragraph 55-51 continues and states: “Instead, the upfront fee is an advance payment for future goods or services, and, therefore, would be recognized as revenue when those future goods or services are provided.”

According to the 2017 edition of Deloitte’s A Roadmap to Applying the New Revenue Recognition Standard (available for download here):

We do not think the identification of performance obligations related to nonrefundable up-front fees under the new revenue standard is a significant change from the identification of deliverables related to nonrefundable up-front fees under legacy revenue guidance. Historically, SAB Topic 13 includes specific rules to the recognition of revenue from nonrefundable up-front fees. However, under both legacy revenue guidance and the new revenue standard, an entity would, in effect, assess whether a nonrefundable up-front fee is related to the transfer of a promised good or service that is distinct.

I told the Lama “So, the ClubCorp Holdings accounting policy I showed you before under the old GAAP appears to be the same as prescribed by ASC 606. Gunga galunga to you, sir!” He smiled!

Closing thoughts

After we finish, as the waitress is clearing the plates, he quickly gets up. So, I realize he’s jetting because he’s goin’ to stiff me. And I say, “Hey Lama, hey, how about a little something, you know, for the effort, you know.” And he says, “Oh, uh, there won’t be any money, but when you leave this bar, you will receive an idea for a blog post.”

So, I got that goin’ for me, which is nice!

A flute with no holes, is not a flute. A donut with no hole, is a Danish. – Bashō, Zen philosopher

Full disclosure: I did not have lunch with the Dalai Lama, but rather two partners from a regional accounting firm who, by the way, although striking, are not bald! Many thanks to them (and one of my favorite movies, Caddyshack) for giving me inspiration for this post!

If you need training on revenue recognition under U.S. GAAP, check out our ASC 606: Revenue from Contracts with Customers course collection (7 courses; 5.5 CPE).

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Disclaimer
This post is for informational purposes only and should not be relied upon as official accounting guidance. While we’ve ensured accuracy as of the publishing date, standards evolve. Please consult a professional for specific advice.